OPERATING SYSTEM RELOAD
REBUILD RAID DRIVES
RUNNING THE CHECKDISK UTILITY
RECONFIGURE THE RAID ARRAY
USING DATA RECOVERY SOFTWARE
REINITIALIZE RAID ARRAY
REFORMAT DRIVES IN THE ARRAY

RAID data recovery is an extremely complex type of recovery
that requires much experience and expertise with how RAID
arrays work.  If you have a RAID failure, it is best if you do not
try to recover the RAID yourself using "quick fix" techniques or
"off-the-shelf" data recovery software.  Contact a data recovery company as quickly as possible.  These companies have the capability to recover RAID arrays with advanced recovery tools
and techniques required to ensure a successful recovery.

The success of RAID recovery depends on the cause of RAID
failure, the configuration of the RAID array, and whether or
not the user has made attempts to recover the RAID.  Such
attempts can cause permanent data loss!

By using caution and the tips above, you can be on the road to
a successful recovery of your RAID array.

The reality: RAID fails

In reality and to the surprise of most, RAID could fail and often fail. See some typical scenario below :

When one hard disk fails, very often, there is no hot standby. As a result, the raid array is running on degraded mode. While waiting for the replacement drive which may take a day or two, the likelihood of next drive failure disabling the raid volume is very high. It is reasonable to assume that all the drives in the array are from the same batch and subject to equal amount of working stress. So if one disk fails, the other is also near imminent failure and it often does.

Most raid server has a single controller. Its failure will result in catastrophic single point of failure.

Frequently, due to power surge, the controller or a number of disk elements could fail resulting in total loss of data. It is also found that a power surge may corrupt the RAID configuration setting of NVRAM in the controller card.

It is also commonly found that while replacing a faulty drive in an attempt to rebuild the raid volume to healthy state, wrong procedures are performed resulting in wrong or partial rebuild, or complete system breakdown upon completion of rebuild.

Not to forget that a RAID configuration with fault tolerance at best only intends to protect the physical failure, but not logical corruption such as system corruption, virus infection, or inadvertent deletion.

Types Of RAID failures

To summarize, RAID server often fails as a result of the following situations and frequently, a combination of them :

• Malfunctioned Controller
• Raid rebuild error or volume reconstruction problem
• Missing RAID partition
• Multiple disk failure in off-line state resulting in loss of RAID volume
• Wrong replacement of good disk element belonging to a working raid volume
• Power Surge
• Data Deletion or reformat
• Virus Attack
• Loss of RAID configuration settings or system registry
• Inadvertent reconfiguration of RAID volume
• Loss of RAID disk access after system or application upgrade

Overview: The NAS 4100 comes with 4 separate hard drives. In the event of a hard drive failure you will be notified via an Email alert and/or Web UI. RAID regeneration can take up to 30 minutes depending on which drive has failed.
To check status of your NAS 4100 drives use Logical Disk Manager. To access the Disk Management utility:

2. Open “MaxNeighborhood” and double-click on the NAS 4100 that you want to create the folder on.
3. Login to NAS 4100 with the appropriate Administrator (or Administrator equivalent) username and password.
4. Click on "Administer this server appliance". Upon doing this, the NAS 4100 Home Page will appear in the Browser.

   

5. From the Home Page, click on the “Disks and Volumes” Link. At this point, the Disks and Volumes page will be displayed in the Browser.

   

   NOTE: You may click on the Graphical Link OR the Java Text Link…either will suffice.

6. Click on the “Disks and Volumes” link.

   

   NOTE: You may click on the Graphical Link OR the Java Text Link…either will suffice.

7. Click the “Yes” button in the VBScript: Disk Configuration Window.

   

8. The Windows 2000 Management Snap-In will be displayed in your browser.

   

   The NAS 4100 hard drives are configured as; Disk 0, Disk 1, Disk 2 and Disk 3. Each one of these hard drives, if lost, exhibits slightly different behavior.

If a drive has failed, contact MNSG Technical Support.

• Identify a failed RAID 5 Volume
• Remove/Replace a Failed Drive in a Failed RAID 5 Volume
• Recover a RAID 5 Volume

…using Seagate’s BlackArmor Manager?

Seagate BlackArmor NAS 440 products come with a RAID 5 Volume by default to ensure data protection. If one drive fails, a user can:

• Easily identify the failed drive using the BlackArmor Manager and other tools.
• Remove the defective drive and replace it with a functioning drive provided by Seagate.
• Use BlackArmor Manager to claim the replacement drive and recover the RAID 5 volume.

All of these things can be accomplished while the BlackArmor NAS 440 is still running.

Procedure(s):
Part 1 – Identifying a Drive failure:
The following options are available for identifying drive failures.

• Web Events in BlackArmor Manager – if a drive fails or if a RAID is running in a degraded state, a Web Event will occur. A Web Event is shown via an amber bar with a warning message within it. The bar will be located at the top of the BlackArmor Manager pages (no matter which one) in your browser. After reviewing the event message, you can click the Acknowledge button to remove it.
• LCD Screen will display a message that denote a drive failure.
• Email notifications – If email setup is enabled through BlackArmor Manager. Users with their email address included in the Email Setup page.
• BlackArmor Manager’s Storage -> Disk Manager can also identify if a drive is failed. It will do so with messaging under a drive’s status.

Seagate Video Tutorial – Identifying a Drive Failure

Part 2 –Drive Removal/Replacement:
Follow these steps to remove and replace a hard drive.
NOTE: Only Seagate hard drives can be used for replacement. Failure to use Seagate replacement parts can and will forfeit the warranty period of the BlackArmor NAS 440/420.

WARNING – PLEASE READ
ESD precautions
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage the processor, hard drives, main board, memory modules (RAM), and other BlackArmor components. Always observe the following precautions before replacing a hard drive:

• Do not remove a component from its protective packaging until you are ready to install it.
• Do not touch the component pins, leads, or circuitry.
• Wear a wrist grounding strap and attach it to a metal part of the computer before handling components. If a wrist strap is not available, maintain contact with the computer throughout any procedure requiring ESD protection.
• Keep the work area free of nonconductive materials, such as ordinary plastic assembly aids and foam packing.

Removing a Hard Drive

1. Open the BlackArmor Manager web interface.
2. In the menu bar, select Storage.
3. Select Disk Manager.
4. Beside the failed disk drive, click the Safe to Remove icon, and then click OK.
5. Open the front panel of the server.
6. Locate the failed hard drive. Ensure that there is no activity on the drive by checking its LED—it should not be illuminated.
   WARNING: Never remove more than one (1) drive at a time. Removing more than one drive will result in data loss.
7. Press down on the orange button to release the drive from the server. If the server is powered on, wait until the drive stops spinning (approximately one minute) before continuing.
8. Holding the handle, gently slide the hard drive partially out of the server until you can get a firm grip on the drive itself.
   Caution: Because the hard drive is heavy, do not completely remove it or carry it by the plastic handle. Hold the drive firmly on the top and bottom.
9. Position (hold) the hard drive/carrier so that the drive label is facing up and the connectors are facing you.
10. Carefully bend the right side of the plastic carrier outward to release the failed drive from the carrier.
11. Remove the failed hard from the plastic carrier enclosure.

Inserting a New Hard Drive

1. Insert the new hard drive so that it fits completely and snugly into the carrier.
2. Carefully slide the new drive into the server. Push firmly to install it completely, and then close the handle to lock the drive into place.
   The hard drive’s LED should turn green.
3. Close the front panel of the server.

Seagate Interactive Tutorial – Hard Drive Replacement

Step 3 – Drive Removal/Replacement:
The following provides the steps necessary for using Seagate’s BlackArmor Manager to claim a replacement drive and recover a RAID 5 volume.
Note: It is assumed that you are logged into the BlackArmor Manager as an admin user before proceeding.

Claiming the New HDD:

1. Mouseover Storage and click the Disk Manager link. The Disk Manager page opens.
2. Locate the replacement hard drive from the list provided (it should be listed as Foreign) and click on the Claim Disk icon. A window opens, asking you to confirm this request.
3. Click the OK button. The drive reclamation starts processing. When finished, the Disk Manager displays a text message stating that, "HDD (hard disk drive)…claimed successfully". The disk is ready to be recovered into a volume.

Recovering the degraded RAID 5 Volume:

1. Mouseover Storage and click the Volumes link. The Volumes page opens.
2. Click the Recover icon. A Volumes page opens showing the Volume Name to be recovered and the Disk Selection (HDD Number).
3. Click the Submit button. A window opens asking you to confirm this request.
4. Click the OK button. The recovery starts processing. When finished, the Volumes page displays a text message stating "RAID configuration changed successfully – resynching/formatting".

Note: Recovery may require a long time. Average recovery times vary from 4 – 12 hours, depending on the size of the volume. When finished the "RAID configuration…" message disappears.
The RAID 5 volume is recovered.

Seagate Interactive Tutorial – Recovering the RAID 5 Volume

To create a RAID 0 array please follow the steps below:

1. With the computer powered off, follow the instructions for installing the RAID controller correctly and connect both Serial ATA hard drives to the controller.
2. Boot your computer with the controller and drives already installed.
3. Watch your boot screens for a prompt that will ask you to press the Control and F keys at the same time to enter the Fastbuild utility and press those keys to enter.
4. Press the 1 key to enter Auto Setup.
5. Verify that the top of the screen says Optimize Array for: Performance.
6. If the top of the screen says Security instead of performance, highlight the word Security and press the right arrow button to change the word to Performance.
7. You should see that two hard drives are being used in the array and you will also see the total size of the array in MB.
8. Press the Control and Y keys at the same time to save the array configuration.
9. Press the Y key to create and quick initialize the array.
10. You will be warned that all data on the drives will be erased, press the Y key to proceed.
11. The array is now created, press any key to reboot.

To use the array for extra data storage only:

• Install the latest service pack for your operating system to enable large drive support and use Disk Management to partition and format the array.

To use the array as your bootable system drive:

• Set your BIOS to boot to CD first and boot from your Windows 2000/XP CD to load your operating system onto the array.
• Windows will treat the array as one large drive and will install on the array just as it would on a single drive.
• When you are prompted by Windows setup to press the F6 key to install SCSI or RAID drivers, you will need to press F6 and insert the driver disk that came with your RAID controller card.
• Once the drivers for the card are installed you will be able to finish the installation of Windows 2000/XP onto the array. After the installation of Windows, please install the latest service pack for Windows to enable large drive support and avoid data corruption.

Note: Your system BIOS may require you to change the order of your boot sequence before you can boot your computer from a controller. For more information about adjusting options in your system BIOS, please contact the manufacturer of your computer or motherboard.

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RAID 10 vs. RAID 5 Performance
One of my clients is in the process of standardizing all their servers on RAID 10. We discovered one of their smaller servers had been delivered with RAID 5 …
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RAID-Z : Jeff Bonwick’s Blog
RAID-Z is a data/parity scheme like RAID-5, but it uses dynamic stripe width. Every block is its own RAID-Z stripe, regardless of blocksize. …
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RAID – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Standard RAID levels – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The standard RAID levels are a basic set of RAID configurations and employ striping, mirroring, or parity. The standard RAID levels can be nested for other …
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Raid® Brand Insecticides
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News results for raid
    Hells Angel sought after raid finds weapons, ATM‎ – 11 hours ago
By Danielle Bell, Daily NewsJune 12, 2009 Police were looking for a Hells Angels member late Thursday, a day after a raid at a rural south-end property in …
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What is RAID? – A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer …
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